中华人民共和国教育法(1)

中华人民共和国教育法

Education Law of the People's Republic of China

第一章　总则

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

第一条　为了发展教育事业，提高全民族的素质，促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution with a view to developing the cause of education, enhancing the quality of the entire nation and promoting the socialist material as well as cultural and ethical progress.

第二条　在中华人民共和国境内的各级各类教育，适用本法。

Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to education of all types and at all levels offered within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

　　第三条　国家坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和建设有中国特色社会主义理论为指导，遵循宪法确定的基本原则，发展社会主义的教育事业。

Article 3 In developing the cause of socialist education, the State adheres to taking Marxism, Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics as its guidelines and follows the basic principles defined in the Constitution.

　　第四条　教育是社会主义现代化建设的基础，国家保障教育事业优先发展。

Article 4 Education is the basis of the socialist modernization drive, and the State ensures priority to the development of educational undertakings.

　　全社会应当关心和支持教育事业的发展。

The entire society should show concern for and give support to the development of educational undertakings.

　　全社会应当尊重教师。

The entire society should respect teachers.

　　第五条　教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务，必须与生产劳动相结合，培养德、智、体等方面全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。

Article 5 Education must serve the socialist modernization drive and must be combined with production and physical labour in order to train for the socialist cause builders and successors who are developed in an all-round way-morally, intellectually and physically.

　　第六条　国家在受教育者中进行爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义的教育，进行理想、道德、纪律、法制、国防和民族团结的教育。

Article 6 The State conducts education among educatees in patriotism, collectivism, socialism as well as in the importance of ideals, ethics, discipline, the legal system, national defense and national unity.

　　第七条　教育应当继承和弘扬中华民族优秀的历史文化传统，吸收人类文明发展的一切优秀成果。

Article 7 In education the brilliant historic and cultural tradition of the Chinese nation shall be inherited and carried forward and all other excellent achievements of human civilization shall be absorbed.

　　第八条　教育活动必须符合国家和社会公共利益。

Article 8 Educational activities shall conform to the State and public interests.

　　国家实行教育与宗教相分离。任何组织和个人不得利用宗教进行妨碍国家教育制度的活动。

The State separates education from religion. No organization or individual may make use of religion to conduct activities that interfere with the educational system of the State.

　　第九条　中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务。

Article 9 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the right and obligation to receive education.

　　公民不分民族、种族、性别、职业、财产状况、宗教信仰等，依法享有平等的受教育机会。

All citizens, regardless of ethnic group, race, sex, occupation, property status or religious belief, shall enjoy equal opportunities for education according to law.

　　第十条　国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要，帮助各少数民族地区发展教育事业。

Article 10 The State, in light of the characteristics and needs of the different minority ethnic groups, provides assistance to the development of educational undertakings in regions inhabited by the minority ethnic groups.

　　国家扶持边远贫困地区发展教育事业。

The State supports and assists the development of educational undertakings in the outlying and poverty-stricken areas.

　　国家扶持和发展残疾人教育事业。

The State supports and develops educational undertakings for the disabled.

　　第十一条　国家适应社会主义市场经济发展和社会进步的需要，推进教育改革，促进各级各类教育协调发展，建立和完善终身教育体系。

Article 11 To meet the needs of developing a socialist market economy and promoting social progress, the State carries forward educational reform, fosters a coordinated development of education at various levels and of various types, and establishes and improves a system of life-long education.

　　国家支持、鼓励和组织教育科学研究，推广教育科学研究成果，促进教育质量提高。

The State supports, encourages and organizes scientific research in education, disseminate the results of scientific research in education so as to enhance the quality of education.

　　第十二条　汉语言文字为学校及其他教育机构的基本教学语言文字。少数民族学生为主的学校及其他教育机构，可以使用本民族或者当地民族通用的语言文字进行教学。

Article 12 The spoken and written Chinese language shall be the basic spoken and written language in teaching in schools and other institutions of education. In schools and other institutions of education in which students of a minority ethnic group constitute the majority, the spoken and written language used by the specific ethnic group or commonly used by the local ethnic groups may be used for instruction.

　　学校及其他教育机构进行教学，应当推广使用全国通用的普通话和规范字。

Putonghua (common speech based on Beijing pronunciation) and the standar-dized characters designed for use throughout the country shall be widely used in instruction in schools and other institutions of education.

　　第十三条　国家对发展教育事业做出突出贡献的组织和个人，给予奖励。

Article 13 The State awards units or individuals that have made outstanding achievements in the development of education.

　　第十四条　国务院和地方各级人民政府根据分级管理、分工负责的原则，领导和管理教育工作。

Article 14 The State Council and the local people's governments at various levels shall guide and administer educational work under the principles of admini-stration by different levels and of a division of responsibilities.

　　中等及中等以下教育在国务院领导下，由地方人民政府管理。

Secondary education and education at lower levels shall be administered by the local people's governments under the guidance of the State Council.

　　高等教育由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理。

Higher education shall be administered by the State Council, and/or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　第十五条　国务院教育行政部门主管全国教育工作，统筹规划、协调管理全国的教育事业。

Article 15 The administrative department of education under the State Council shall be in charge of the nationwide educational work, and undertake overall planning, coordination and management of the educational undertakings throughout the country.

　　县级以上地方各级人民政府教育行政部门主管本行政区域内的教育工作。

The administrative departments of education under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the educational work in their respective administrative regions.

　　县级以上各级人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的教育工作。

Other departments concerned under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the related educational work within the scope of their functions and duties.

　　第十六条　国务院和县级以上地方各级人民政府应当向本级人民代表大会或者其常务委员会报告教育工作和教育经费预算、决算情况，接受监督。

Article 16 The State Council and the local people's governments at or above the county level shall report to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the work of education and on the budgets and final accounts of the operating expenses for education, which shall be subject to supervision.

　　第二章　教育基本制度

CHAPTER II BASIC SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

　　第十七条　国家实行学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育的学校教育制度。

Article 17 The State applies a school education system embracing pre- school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.

　　国家建立科学的学制系统。学制系统内的学校和其他教育机构的设置、教育形式、修业年限、招生对象、培养目标等，由国务院或者由国务院授权教育行政部门规定。

The State establishes a scientific schooling system. The establishment, forms of instruction, length of schooling, enrollment targets, objectives of training, etc. of schools and other institutions of education governed by the schooling system shall be prescribed by the State Council or the administrative department of education empowered by the State Council.

　　第十八条　国家实行九年制义务教育制度。

Article 18 The State applies a system of nine-year compulsory education.

　　各级人民政府采取各种措施保障适龄儿童、少年就学。

People's governments at all levels shall take various measures to guarantee school-age children and adolescents access to education.

　　适龄儿童、少年的父母或者其他监护人以及有关社会组织和个人有义务使适龄儿童、少年接受并完成规定年限的义务教育。

Parents or other guardians of school-age children and adolescents as well as social organizations and individuals concerned shall have the obligation to ensure that school-age children and adolescents receive and complete compulsory education for the prescribed number of years.

　　第十九条　国家实行职业教育制度和成人教育制度。

Article 19 The State applies a system of vocational education and a system of adult education.

　　各级人民政府、有关行政部门以及企业事业组织应当采取措施，发展并保障公民接受职业学校教育或者各种形式的职业培训。

People's governments at various levels, the administrative departments concer-ned and enterprises and institutions shall adopt measures to develop educational programs and guarantee that citizens receive education in vocational schools or different types of vocational training.

　　国家鼓励发展多种形式的成人教育，使公民接受适当形式的政治、经济、文化、科学、技术、业务教育和终身教育。

The State encourages the development of varied forms of adult education so that citizens may receive appropriate education in politics, economics, culture, science and technology and professional or life-long education.

　　第二十条　国家实行国家教育考试制度。

Article 20 The State applies a national education examination system.

　　国家教育考试由国务院教育行政部门确定种类，并由国家批准的实施教育考试的机构承办。

The administrative department of education under the State Council shall determine the types of national education examination which shall be undertaken by the institutions that conduct such education examination as approved by the State.

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